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Compare Holy See (Vatican City) (2004) - South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2001)
Compare Holy See (Vatican City) (2004) z South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2001)
| Holy See (Vatican City) (2004) | South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2001) | |
-2004-bmala.jpg) |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none | - |
| Airports | none (2003 est.) | none |
| Area | total: 0.44 sq km
land: 0.44 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total:
3,903 sq km land: 3,903 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Shag Rocks, Black Rock, Clerke Rocks, South Georgia Island, Bird Island, and the South Sandwich Islands, which consist of some nine islands |
| Area - comparative | about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC | slightly larger than Rhode Island |
| Background | Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include religious freedom, international development, the Middle East, terrorism, the failing health of Pope JOHN PAUL II, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1 billion people worldwide profess the Catholic faith. | The islands lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands. Grytviken, on South Georgia, was a 19th and early 20th century whaling station. The famed explorer Ernest SHACKLETON stopped there in 1914 en route to his ill-fated attempt to cross Antarctica on foot. He returned some 20 months later with a few companions in a small boat and arranged a successful rescue for the rest of his crew, stranded off the Antarctic Peninsula. He died in 1922 on a subsequent expedition and is buried in Grytviken. Today, the station houses a small military garrison. The islands have large bird and seal populations and, recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks in adjacent waters, the UK, in 1993, extended the exclusive fishing zone from 12 miles to 200 miles around each island. |
| Budget | revenues: $245.2 million
expenditures: $260.4 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2002) |
revenues:
$291,777 expenditures: $451,000, including capital expenditures of $NA (1988 est.) |
| Capital | Vatican City | - |
| Climate | temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry summers (May to September) | variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow |
| Coastline | 0 km (landlocked) | NA km |
| Constitution | new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope John Paul II on 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaces the first Fundamental Law of 1929) | adopted 3 October 1985 |
| Country name | conventional long form: The Holy See (State of the Vatican City)
conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City) local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano) local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano) |
conventional long form:
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands conventional short form: none |
| Currency | euro (EUR) | - |
| Dependency status | - | overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina; administered from the Falkland Islands by UK civil commissioner Donald A. LAMONT, representing Queen ELIZABETH II; Grytviken, formerly a whaling station on South Georgia, is the garrison town |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant)
embassy: Villa Domiziana, Via delle Terme Deciane 26, 00153 Rome mailing address: PSC 59, Box 66, APO AE 09624 telephone: [39] (06) 4674-3428 FAX: [39] (06) 575-8346 |
none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission: Apostolic Nuncio Archbishop Gabriel MONTALVO
chancery: 3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 333-7121 FAX: [1] (202) 337-4036 |
none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina) |
| Disputes - international | none | claimed by Argentina |
| Economic aid - recipient | none | - |
| Economy - overview | This unique, noncommercial economy is supported financially by an annual contribution from Roman Catholic dioceses throughout the world, as well as by special collections (known as Peter's Pence); the sale of postage stamps, coins, medals, and tourist mementos; fees for admission to museums; and the sale of publications. Investments and real estate income also account for a sizable portion of revenue. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome. | Some fishing takes place in adjacent waters. There is a potential source of income from harvesting fin fish and krill. The islands receive income from postage stamps produced in the UK. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | NA kWh |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh | - |
| Electricity - imports | NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy | - |
| Electricity - production | NA kWh | - |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel:
NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: unnamed location 19 m
highest point: unnamed location 75 m |
lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Paget (South Georgia) 2,934 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: none of the selected agreements
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification |
- |
| Ethnic groups | Italians, Swiss, other | - |
| Exchange rates | euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003),1.1324 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999) | - |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Pope JOHN PAUL II (since 16 October 1978)
head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Angelo SODANO (since 1 December 1990) cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope election results: Karol WOJTYLA elected pope |
- |
| Exports | 0 kWh | - |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | - |
| Flag description | two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the crossed keys of Saint Peter and the papal miter centered in the white band | the flag of the UK is used |
| Geographic coordinates | 41 54 N, 12 27 E | 54 30 S, 37 00 W |
| Geography - note | urban; landlocked; enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; outside the Vatican City, 13 buildings in Rome and Castel Gandolfo (the pope's summer residence) enjoy extraterritorial rights | the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage; reindeer, introduced early in this century, live on South Georgia |
| Highways | none; all city streets | - |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
- |
| Imports | NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy | - |
| Independence | 11 February 1929 (from Italy); note - the three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged, among other things, the full sovereignty of the Vatican and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to the 8th century | - |
| Industries | printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps, a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities | - |
| International organization participation | CE (observer), IAEA, ICFTU, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, UPU, WIPO, WToO (observer), WTrO (observer) | - |
| Irrigated land | 0 sq km (1998 est.) | 0 sq km (1993) |
| Judicial branch | there are three tribunals responsible for civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other tribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy See
note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pius XII on 1 May 1946 |
- |
| Labor force | NA | - |
| Labor force - by occupation | essentially services with a small amount of industry; note - dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vatican | - |
| Land boundaries | total: 3.2 km
border countries: Italy 3.2 km |
0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2001) |
arable land:
0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) |
| Languages | Italian, Latin, French, various other languages | - |
| Legal system | based on Code of Canon Law and revisions to it | the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Pontifical Commission | - |
| Literacy | definition: NA
total population: 100% male: NA female: NA |
- |
| Location | Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy) | Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America |
| Map references | Europe | Antarctic Region |
| Maritime claims | none (landlocked) | exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of Italy; Swiss Papal Guards are posted at entrances to the Vatican City to provide security and protect the Pope | defense is the responsibility of the UK |
| Military branches | Swiss Guards Corps (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera) | - |
| National holiday | Coronation Day of Pope JOHN PAUL II, 22 October (1978) | Liberation Day, 14 June (1982) |
| Nationality | noun: none
adjective: none |
- |
| Natural hazards | NA | the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism |
| Natural resources | none | fish |
| Political parties and leaders | none | - |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers) | - |
| Population | 921 (July 2004 est.) | no indigenous inhabitants
note: the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March 2001, to be replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the British Antarctic Survey which also has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA | - |
| Population growth rate | 0.01% (2004 est.) | - |
| Ports and harbors | none | Grytviken |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 2 (1998) | none |
| Religions | Roman Catholic | - |
| Suffrage | limited to cardinals less than 80 years old | - |
| Telephone system | general assessment: automatic exchange
domestic: tied into Italian system international: country code - 39; uses Italian system |
general assessment:
NA domestic: NA international: coastal radiotelephone station at Grytviken |
| Telephones - main lines in use | NA | - |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | NA | - |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (1996) | 0 (1997) |
| Terrain | low hill | most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes |
| Waterways | - | none |
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